ACNPs demonstrated greater yet sustained anti-cancerous effect on H1299 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner than free amygdalin suggesting greater cellular uptake of the former. In conclusion, biocompatible and biodegradable alginate-chitosan nanoparticles can be used as an effective drug delivery system for sustained and controlled amygdalin release with its improved cytotoxic effect on cancerous cells while protecting normal cells and tissues. L-asparaginase is an important enzyme with diverse applications in food industry and therapeutics. However, the enzyme currently employed in the treatment of leukaemias, comes with undesired L-glutaminase activity. A gene encoding 38&nbsp;kDa L-asparaginase form Anoxybacillus flavithermus was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a soluble and active enzyme. Heat treatment and Ni-affinity column chromatography provided highly purified enzyme possessing a specific activity of 165&nbsp;units&nbsp;mg-1. The enzyme exhibited allosteric behaviour with a Hill coefficient of 1.60 and K0.5 of 25&nbsp;mM with L-asparagine as specific substrate. No detectable activity was observed in the presence of D-asparagine, l-glutamine and d-glutamine. Purified AfASNase showed optimum activity at 60&nbsp;°C and pH&nbsp;7.0. The enzyme had ability to withstand up to 6&nbsp;M urea and showed complete inactivation when treated with 1&nbsp;M guanidine hydrochloride. Protein-Ligand docking and molecular dynamic simulations indicated that the regulatory site is formed by T262-T263-C265-G269-Thr294 and is located on a domain different from the one carrying the well-established active site. AfASNase is reported as first thermostable L-asparaginase with allosteric regulation. Hitherto, AfASNase presents the first characterization of recombinant L-asparaginase from the genus Anoxybacillus. Amphotericin B is an antibiotic used in the treatment of fungal disease and leishmania; however, it exhibits side effects to patients, hindering its wider application. Therefore, nanocarriers have been investigated as delivery systems for amphotericin B (AMB) in order to decrease its toxicity, besides increase bioavailability and solubility. Amphiphilic copolymers are interesting materials to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs such as AMB, hence copolymers of cashew gum (CG) and l-lactide (LA) were synthesized using two different CGLA molar ratios (11 and 110). Data obtained revealed that copolymer nanoparticles present similar figures for particle sizes and zeta potentials; however, particle size of encapsulated AMB increases if compared to unloaded nanoparticles. The 110 nanoparticle sample has better stability although higher polydispersity index (PDI) if compared to 11 sample. High amphotericin (AMB) encapsulation efficiencies and low hemolysis were obtained. AMB loaded copolymers show lower aggregation pattern than commercial AMB solution. AMB loaded nanoparticles show antifungal activities against four C. albicans strains. It can be inferred that cashew gum/polylactide copolymers have potential as nanocarrier systems for AMB. V.Soda process is one of the most important pulping processes in paper industry producing large quantities of alkali lignins that can afford plenty of biofuels, aromatic chemicals and materials. However, the structural and size-related heterogeneities and complexities hinder the development in these directions. Herein, we report new insights into the structure of alkali lignin, through investigating the formation and transformation of enol ether and arylglycerol structures that are significant responsible for the structural transformation from native lignin to alkali lignin. Four-type enol ethers composed of G/S units in hardwood alkali lignin were identified by 2D HSQC NMR. A series of alkali lignins prepared by alkali treatment of eucalyptus cellulolytic enzyme lignin under various temperatures were analyzed by 2D HSQC NMR, 31P NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Upon these analyses and related model compound studies, it was found that the arylglycerols formed from native β-O-4 linkages tends to be oxidized with the further degradation of aryl ether bonds, and that the enol ether linkages are facile to be hydrolyzed or oxidized in the air. These insights improve the mechanistic understanding for the structural evolution and the diversity of alkali lignins and will aid the development of further lignin valorization strategies. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is one of the most serious pathogens threatening grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) production and results in high mortality in China. To obtain a genetically engineered oral vaccine against GCRV, the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) of Vibrio cholerae was fused to VP7 (CTB-VP7) and transformed into BL21(DE3) for expression. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting showed that the purified rCTB-VP7 fusion protein (rCTB-VP7) was approximately 49.0&nbsp;kDa. The monomeric nature of rCTB-VP7 through multistage purification showed a binding affinity for GM1, a receptor for biologically active CTB. rCTB-VP7 is not vulnerable to disassembly by SDS but is vulnerable to disassembly by 2-mercaptoethanol. rCTB-VP7 is stable and highly active at room temperature. The binding affinity experiment between rCTB-VP7 and GM1 also confirms the effects of acid and alkalinity in solution on the structure of rCTB-VP7. rCTB-VP7 bound to GM1 with different affinities under different temperatures and pH values. Prokaryotic expression of rCTB-VP7 was characterized by high expression and easy purification and had a strong binding force with GM1 at 37&nbsp;°C and pH&nbsp;7.4. Our results suggest that rCTB-VP7 has the potential as an oral vaccine for protection against GCRV in aquaculture. Glucansucrases catalyse the formation of glucans from sucrose. The glucansucrase-encoding gene from Leuconostoc citreum ABK-1, dex-N, was successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21 Star (DE3). DEX-N produces 2 types of glucans soluble (S-dextran) and insoluble (I-glucan) glucans. The S-dextran was determined to be ca. 10&nbsp;kDa in size and contained &gt;90% α-1,6 linkages; along with its water solubility, this is similar to commercial dextran. On the other hand, I-glucan was water-insoluble, harbouring a block-wise pattern of α-1,3 and α-1,6 linkages in its structure. Notably, the FTIR and powder X-ray diffraction pattern of I-glucan exhibited a combination of features found in α-1,6-linked dextran and α-1,3-linked mutan. Although both I-glucan and mutan are insoluble glucans, their physical characteristics are notably dissimilar. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/super-tdu.html V.